Italy+Outline

** I. Unifying **** Italy ** ** A. **** Obstacles to Italian Unity ** ** 1. **** Mazzini Establishes Young **** Italy ** · ** Giuseppe Mazzini: The nationalist leader; founded young **** Italy **** in the 1830s **   · ** Mazzini helped set up a revolutionary republic in **** Rome **** but French toppled it in 1849 **

** 2. **** Nationalism Takes Root ** · ** To nationalists, a United **** Italy **** made sense because of geography and because of common language and history **

· ** Nationalists reminded Italians of ancient **** Rome **** and Medieval papacy ** · ** Unity made Practical economic sense. It would end trade barriers among Italian states and simulate Industry **

** B. **** The Struggle for **** Italy ** ** 1. **** Cavour Becomes Prime Minister ** · ** Victor Emmanuel made Cavour his Prime Minister in 1852 ** · ** Cavour came from a noble family, he was flexible, practical, and a crafty politician wanting to achieve his goals ** · ** Improved agriculture, railroads built and encouraged commerce ** · ** His long term goal was to end Austrian power in Italy and annex provinces of Lombardy and Venetia **

** 2. **** Intrigue with **** France ** · ** Sardinia led by Cavour, joined France and Britain against Russia in the Crimean War, in 1855 ** · ** Sardinia **** did not win territory! It did have a voice at the peace conference ** · ** Sardinia defeated Austria and annexed Lombardy **

** 3. **** Garibaldi’s “Red Shirts” ** · ** Garibaldi wanted to create an Italian republic like Mazzini **     · **  Cavour provided weapons, allowed ships to take Garibaldi and his “red shirts” south to  ****  Sicily  **

** 4.  ****  Unity at Last  ** · **  Cavour urged Victor Emmanuel to send Sardinian troops to deal with Garibaldi but it didn’t work   ** · **  In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy   ** · **  Rome and Venetia remained outside of the new Italian nation, Cavour died in 1861   ** ** C.  ****  Challenges Facing the New Nation  ** ** 1.  ****  Divisions  ** · ** North was richer and had more cities than the south. South was rural and poor. ** · **  Hostility between  ****  Italy  ****  and Roman Catholic church, divided the nation  ** ** 2.  ****  Turmoil  ** · **  King appointed members to Upper house, could veto bills passed by lower house   ** · **  Small number of lower house men could vote   ** ** 3.  ****  Economic Progress  ** · ** Italy  ****  lacked important natural resources including coal  ** · **  Population explosion made problems for people   **